大学英语试题列表
- Part IV Translation:[br] Almost 30 million Americans weight at least 20 percent more than their ideal weight. In fact, the United State is the most overweight country in the wild. (Passage Three)
- Part IV Translation:[br] In order to learn to be one’s true self, it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world. (Passage Two)
- Part IV Translation:[br] It has a bank of electronic pens which write like the President writes, in his favorite light blue ink. (Passage One)
- Part III Cloze[br] Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices. Choose the one that best fits into the passage and then marks your answer on the Answer Sheet.[br] Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation.[br] Today the car is the most popular 61 of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely 62 the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their cars for 63 90 percent of all personal 64 .[br] Most Americans are able to 65 cars.[br] The average price of a 66 made car was 1 050 in 1950, 1 740 in 1960 and up to 1 750 67 1975. During this period American car manufacturers set about 68 their products and work efficiency.[br] As a result, the yearly income of the 69 family increased from 1950 to 1975 70 than the price of cars. For this reason 71 a new car takes a smaller 72 of a family’s total earnings today.[br] In 1951 73 it took 8.1 months of an average family’s 74 to buy a new car. In 1962 a new car 75 8.3 of a family’s annual earnings. By 1975 it only took 4.75 76 income. In addition, the 1975 cars were technically 77 to models from previous years.[br] The 78 of the automobile extends throughout the economy 79 the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money to 80 their cars running than on any other item.[br] 61. A. kinds B. means C. mean D. types[br] 62. A. denied B. reproduced C. replaced D. ridiculed[br] 63. A. hardly B. nearly C. certainly D. somehow[br] 64. A. trip B. works C. business D. travel[br] 65. A. buy B. sell C. race D. see[br] 66. A. quickly B. regularly C. rapidly D. recently[br] 67. A. on B. in C. behind D. about[br] 68. A. raising B. making C. reducing D. improving[br] 69. A. unusual B. interested C. average D. biggest[br] 70. A. slowest B. equal C. faster D. less than[br] 71. A. bringing B. obtain C. bought D. purchasing[br] 72. A. part B. half C. number D. side[br] 73. A. clearly B. proportionally C. percentage D. suddenly[br] 74. A. income B. work C. plans D. debts[br] 75. A. used B. spend C. cost D. needed[br] 76. A. months’ B. dollars C. family D. year[br] 77. A. famous B. superior C. fastest D. purchasing[br] 78. A. running B. notice C. influence D. discussion[br] 79. A. then B. as C. so D. which[br] 80. A. start B. leave C. keep D. repai
- People with disabilities comprise a large part of the population. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental”, i. e. , they occur prior to the individual’s twenty-second birthday, often form genetic conditions, and are severe enough to effect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious”, i.e. , accidental or caused by outside forces.[br] Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expert to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basic are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and again employment have historically been denied on the basic of disability.[br] In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to flight against these infringements (侵害) of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as protected class under civil rights statutes.[br] Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.[br] Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.[br] It will only be when public attitudes advance as far as laws are that disabled people will be fully able to take to their right place in society.[br] 16. ”developmental” disability .[br] A. develops very slowly over time B. is caused forces[br] C. occurs in youth and affects development D. is getting more and more severe[br] 17. Most disabled people used to die early because .[br] A. disabilities destroyed major bodily functions B. they were not very well looked after[br] C. medical techniques were not available D. they were too poor to get proper treatment[br] 18. In the author’s opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, .[br] A. more laws should be passed B. public attitudes should be changed[br] C. government should provide more aids D. more public facilities should be act up[br] 19. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?[br] A. Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.[br] B. The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.[br] C. The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them.[br] D. Discriminatory (有差别的) laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.[br] 20. The best title for this passage might be .[br] A. Handicaps of People with Disabilities B. The Difficulties of the Disabled[br] C. The Causes for Disabilities D. Medical Treatments for Disabilities[br] Part II Vocabulary and Structure (共40小题,每小题1分,共40分)[br] Directions: In this part there are forty incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.[br] 21. It’s still early in the morning. There isn’t in the office.[br] A. anyone B. everyone C. nobody D. any people[br] 22. is not known what they discussed in the meeting.[br] A. That B. He C. This D. It[br] 23. Yhe sad news broke her and she has been gloomy ever since.[br] A. feelings B. emotions C. mind D. heart[br] 24. He is much of a gentleman to fight.[br] A. so B. as C. very D. too[br] 25. Not until this term to realize how important this subject is to his future career as a diplomat.[br] A. he began B. ha has begun C. did he begin D. that ha has begun[br] 26. who would like to go on the trip should put their names on the list.[br] A. Those B. These C. Somebody D. The ones[br] 27. A bottle weighs less after air is taken out, proves that air has weight.[br] A. we B. it C. which D. what[br] 28. How long ?[br] A. you suppose did it last B. do you suppose it lasted[br] C. did you suppose it last D. you suppose it lasted[br] 29. Smmith had some trouble the man’s accent.[br] A. to understand B. understanding C. for understanding D. with understanding[br] 30. The next few days could be for the peace negotiation.[br] A. maximum B. practical C. critical D. urgent[br] 31. He quite a lot when he was young.[br] A. used to travel B. used to traveling C. was used to travel D. would used to travel[br] 32. You me your telephone number in case someone wants to contact you.[br] A. had better give B. had better given C. had better to give D. had better gave[br] 33. Mary used to the room with Linda.[br] A. separate B. divide C. hold D. share[br] 34. —Must we hand in our exercise-books now?[br] —No, you .[br] A. mustn’t B. don’t C. needn’t D. can’t[br] 35. She pulled away from the window anyone should see them.[br] A. lest B. even though C. unless D. only if[br] 36. Not a has been found so far that can help the police find the criminal.[br] A. fact B. clue C. symbol D. sign[br] 37. She would make a teacher far superior the average.[br] A. over B. than C. beyond D. to[br] 38. Radio is different from television in it sends and receives pictures.[br] A. which B. that C. what D. this[br] 39. Tom and jack have returned but students of the group haven’t come back yet.[br] A. other B. the others C. others D. another[br] 40. It half a year since we to study in this university.[br] A. is; come B. is; have come[br] C. has been; came D. has been; have come[br] 41. The fact that something is cheap doesn’t mean it is of low quality.[br] A. necessarily B. especially C. essentially D. practically[br] 42. They set off by car and the nearest town.[br] A. made for B. made after C. made out D. made to[br] 43. Take this baggage and you can find enough room.[br] A. put it which B. put it in which[br] C. put it at where D. put it wherever[br] 44. He doesn’t want that he’s going away.[br] A. . to be known B. him to be known[br] C. that to be known D. it to be known[br] 45. The noise around was terrible, but I had to it.[br] A. keep away from B. keep up with C. live with D. live on[br] 46. He that his guests were bored, although they were listening politely.[br] A. impressed B. sensed C. inferred D. identified[br] 47. On Sundays I prefer at home to out.[br] A. to say; go B. stay; going C. staying; going D. staying; go[br] 48. I’d like to write to him, but what’s the ? He never writes back.[br] A. significance B. business C. point D. purpose[br] 49. There were opinions as to the best location for the new school.[br] A. disagreeing B. conflicting C. rejecting D. reverting[br] 50. by the news of his father’s death, he could hardly utter a word.[br] A. To be stunned B. Stunned C. To stun D. Stunning[br] 51. , we’d better make some changes in the plan.[br] A. That is the case B. That been the case[br] C. That to be the case D. That being the case[br] 52. They have equipped the office with the business machines.[br] A. last B. latter C. latest D. later[br] 53. The police found that George had still another of income.[br] A. origin B. source C. basis D. means[br] 54. An open-minded teacher doesn’t always one single teaching method.[br] A. set aside B. take over C. take on D. stick to[br] 55. Much to the student’s , the exam was postponed.[br] A. burden B. concern C. relief D. requirement[br] 56. Children normally feel a lot of about their first day at school.[br] A. anxiety B. difference C. feelings D. trouble[br] 57. The weather was hot that she decided to have the barber her hairstyle.[br] A. rather; to change B. so; change[br] C. much too; change D. too; changed[br] 58. She meet her former instructor on the bus.[br] A. delighted to B. happened to C. pleased to D. tended to[br] 59. Just as no two words are truly synonymous no two different expressions can mean exactly the same thing.[br] A. rather B. also C. yet D. so[br] 60. The new engineer’s suggestions were in the revised plan.[br] A. entitled B. engaged C. embodied D. estimated
- Passage 4[br] Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:[br] I recently wrote an autobiography in which I recalled many old memories. One of them was from my school days, when our ninth grade teacher, Miss Raber, would pick out words from the Reader’s Digest to test our vocabulary.[br] Today, more than 45 years later, I always check out “It pays to Enrich Your Word Power” first when the Digest comes each month. I am impressed with that idea, word power. Reader’s Digest knows the power that words have to move people—to entertain, inform, and inspire. The Digest editors know that the big word isn’t always the best word. Take just one example, a Quotable Quote form the February 1985 issue: ”Time is a playful thing. It slips quickly and drinks the day like a bowl of milk.”[br] Nineteen words, only two of them more than one syllable, yet how much they convey! That’s usually how it is with Reader’s Digest. Small and simple can be profound.[br] As chairman of a foundation to restore the Statue of Liberty, I’ve been making a lot of speeches lately. I try to keep them fairly short. I use small but vivid words: words like “hope”, “guts”, “faith”, “dreams”. Those are words that move people and say so much about the spirit of America.[br] Don’t get me wrong. I’m not against using big words, when it is right to do so, but I have also learned that a small word can work a small miracle—if it’s right word, in the right place, at the right time. It’s a “secret” that I hope never forget.[br] 16. The passage is mainly about .[br] A. one of the many old memories[br] B. using simple words to express profound ideas[br] C. Reader’s Digest and school speeches[br] D. how to make effective speeches[br] 17. It seems that Reader’s Digest is a magazine popular with .[br] A. people of all ages B. teenagers C. school teachers D. elderly readers[br] 18. The example the author gives in the second paragraph might mean .[br] A. one spends his day playing and drinking[br] B. don’t waste your time as one does[br] C. time slips easily if you don’t make good use of it[br] D. time is just like drinking milk from a bowl[br] 19. The author’s “secret” is .[br] A. to avoid using big words at any time[br] B. to use words that have the power to move people[br] C. to work a miracle by using a small word[br] D. to use small and simple words where possible[br] 20. Accoeding to the author, well-chosen words can give people .[br] A. hope, courage and ideas[br] B. confidence, determination and strength[br] C. pleasure, knowledge and encourage[br] D. entertainment, information and power[br] Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
- Passage 3[br] Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:[br] About 70 million Americans are trying to loss weight. That is almost 1 out of every 3 people in the United States. Some people go on ideas. This means they eat less certain foods, especially fats and sugars. Other people exercise with especial equipment, take diet pills, or even have surgery. Losing weight is hard work, and it can also cost a lot of money. So why do so many people in the United States want to lose weight?[br] Many people in the United States worry about not looking young and attractive. For many people, looking good also means being thin. Other people worry about their health. Many doctors say being overweight is not healthy. But are Americans really fat? Almost 30 million Americans weight at least 20 percent more than their ideal weight. In fact, the United State is the most overweight country in the wild. “The stored fat of adult Americans weight 2.3 trillion pounds,” says University of Massachusetts anthropologist (人类学家) George Armelagos. He says burning off that stored energy would produce enough power for 900,000 cars to go 12,000 miles.[br] Losing weight is hard work, but most people want to find a fast and easy way to take off fat. Bookstores sell lots of diet books. These books tell readers how to lose weight. Each year, dozens of new books like these are written. Each one boasts to help people to get rid of fat.[br] 11. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of losing weight?[br] A. To eat less fats and sugars. B. To work hard.[br] 12. Many Americans are trying to lose weight because .[br] A. they want to look attractive B. they are misled by doctors[br] C. they want to keep fit D. both A and C[br] 13. The figures given in the second paragraph suggest that .[br] A. Americans are dependent on cars B. cars consume a lot of money[br] C. Americans need lose weight D. excess of fat can be a source of energy[br] 14. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .[br] A. diet books are not always effective B. diet books are usually helpful[br] C. there are lots of ways of losing weight D. bookstores are keeping their promises[br] 15. It can be concluded from the passage that .[br] A. people think too much of their appearance[br] B. there is not a sure way of losing weight as yet[br] C. surgery is the fastest way of losing weight[br] D. going on diet is a safe way of losing weight
- Passage 2[br] Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:[br] In order to learn to be one’s true self, it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world; critically to inquire into it; carefully to consider it; clearly to analyze it; and earnestly to carry it out.[br] It matters not what you learn, but when you once learn a thing, you must never give it up until you have mastered it. It matters not what you inquire into, but when you once inquire into a thing, you must never give it up until you have thoroughly understood it. It matters not what you try to think out, but when you once try to think out a thing, you must never give it up until you have got what you want. It matters not what you try to carry out, but when you once carry out a thing, you must never give it up until you have don’t it thoroughly and well.[br] If another man succeeds by one effort, you will use a hundred efforts. If another man succeeds by ten efforts, you will use a thousand.[br] 6. According to the author, first of all one must .[br] A. analyze B. inquire C. obtain knowledge D. act[br] 7. According to the author, .[br] A. learning is not important B. thinking is not necessary[br] C. knowledge means little D. it is not important what we learn[br] 8. The end of learning should be .[br] A. thought B. mastery C. inquiry D. analysis[br] 9. According to the author, another man’s success should .[br] A. make greater efforts B. make us nervous[br] C. not be taken into consideration D. cause one to stop trying[br] 10. The author implies but does not say what .[br] A. the way to knowledge is through specialization[br] B. one has to know everything to be successful[br] C. success depends not so much on natural ability as it does on effort[br] D. success in one’s profession is latest important in one’s life
- Passage 1[br] Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:[br] Do you want to say what you think in a letter to the President of the United States? You’ll get a reply from him—written in ink, not typed—after only a few days.[br] The President gets about 4,000 letters every week. He answers everyone who writes to him on special Whites House paper. But he doesn’t need a lot of time for it. In fact, he only gives 20 minutes a week to look at his personal correspondence. He has the most modern secretary in the world to help him.[br] It’s computer, worth £ 800,000,which has its own rooms on the first floor of the White House. It has a bank of electronic pens which write like the President writes, in his favorite light blue ink. Each letter the President receives gets a number, according to the type of answer it needs. The pens then write the correct reply for it, according to the number. Each letter takes less than a second to write. A White House official said, “It’s not important that letters come from a computer. Each letter says what the President wants to say.”[br] 1. for a reply from the President.[br] A. You have to wait a long time B. You only have to wait several days[br] C. You have to wait at least one month D. You only have to wait a few weeks[br] 2. The reply from the President .[br] A. is always printed B. is always typed[br] C. is always written in ink D. is always written by himself[br] 3. It takes the computer to write ten letters.[br] A. no more than ten seconds B. a little more than ten seconds[br] C. less than ten seconds D. at least one second[br] 4. The computer can be described as .[br] A. expensive but efficient B. possessing a beautiful handwriting[br] C. heavy and inefficient D. the President’s most reliable secretary[br] 5. It can be inferred from the passage that .[br] A. the President never reads any letters written to him by ordinary people[br] B. the President hires a very efficient secretary to deal with his correspondence[br] C. the President does not really care about the letters he receives every week[br] D. the President is assured that the computer express his views in the letters
- What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good deal depends, of course, on the meaning of “future”. If one is thinking in terms of science fiction and the space age, it is at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing. Writers of science fiction, from H.G. Wells onwards, have had little to say on the subject. They have conveyed the suggestion that men will live in great comfort, with every conceivable apparatus to make life smooth, healthy and easy, if not happy. But they have not said what his house will be made of. Perhaps some new building material, as yet unimagined, will have been discovered or invented at least. One may be certain that bricks and mortar(泥灰,灰浆) will long have gone out of fashion.[br] But the problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined. Scientists have already pointed out that unless something is done either to restrict the world’s rapid growth in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of starvation or at the best suffering from underfeeding before this century is out. But nobody has yet worked out any plan for housing these growing populations. Admittedly the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world, where housing can be light structure or in backward areas where standards are traditionally low. But even the minimum shelter requires materials of some kind and in the teeming, bulging towns the low-standard “housing” of flattened petrol cans and dirty canvas is far more wasteful of ground space than can be tolerated.[br] Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to arise in many other places during the next generation. Literally millions of refugees arrived to swell the already growing population and emergency steps had to be taken rapidly to prevent squalor(肮脏)and disease and the spread crime. The city is tackling the situation energetically and enormous blocks of tenements(贫民住宅)are rising at an astonishing aped. But Hong Kong is only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not merely a housing problem, because when population grows at this rate there are accompanying problems of education, transport, hospital services, drainage, water supply and so on. Not every area may give the same resources as Hong Kong to draw upon and the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease.[br] 1.What is the author’s opinion of housing problems in the first paragraph?[br] A.They may be completely solved at sometime in the future.[br] B.They are unimportant and easily dealt with.[br] C.They will not be solved until a new building material has been discovered.[br] D.They have been dealt with in specific detail in books describing the future.[br] 2.The writer is sure that in the distant future ___.[br] A.bricks and mortar will be replaced by some other building material.[br] B.a new building material will have been invented.[br] C.bricks and mortar will not be used by people who want their house to be fashionable.[br] D.a new way of using bricks and mortar will have been discovered.[br] 3.The writer believes that the biggest problem likely to confront the world before the end of the century ___.[br] A.is difficult to foresee.[br] B.will be how to feed the ever growing population.[br] C.will be how to provide enough houses in the hottest parts of the world.[br] D.is the question of finding enough ground space.[br] 4.When the writer says that the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world or in backward areas, he is referring to the fact that in these parts ___.[br] A.standards of building are low.[br] B.only minimum shelter will be possible.[br] C.there is not enough ground space.[br] D.the population growth will be the greatest.[br] 5.Which of the following sentences best summarizes Paragraph 3?[br] A.Hong Kong has faced a serious crisis caused by millions of refugees.[br] B.Hong Kong has successfully dealt with the emergency caused by millions of refugees.[br] C.Hong Kong’s crisis was not only a matter of housing but included a number of other problems of population growth.[br] D.Many parts of the world may have to face the kind of problems encountered by Hong Kong and may find it much harder to deal with them.
- In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any country – from 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985 – that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, however, was in manufacturing, and especially in no – blue-collar jobs…[br] This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no larger a proportion of the labor force I n manufacturing than developed countries now employ in farming – at most, 10 percent. Today the United States employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. In some major industries the drop will be even sharper. It is quite unrealistic, for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more than one –third of its present blue-collar force 25 years hence, even though production might be 50 percent higher.[br] If a company, an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same time sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitive – or even to remain “developed.” The attempt to preserve such blue – collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment…[br] This is not a conclusion that American politicians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issue even more it that the United States is experiencing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of the substitution of knowledge and capital for manual labor. Where we spoke of mechanization a few decades ago, we now speak of “robotization “ or “automation.” This is actually more a change in terminology than a change in reality. When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909, he cut the number of man – hours required to produce a motor car by some 80 percent in two or three years –far more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete robotization. But there is no doubt that we are facing a new, sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by machines –that is, by the products of knowledge.[br] 1.According to the author, the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force demonstrates______.[br] A.the degree to which a country’s production is robotized[br] B.a reduction in a country’s manufacturing industries[br] C.a worsening relationship between labor and management[br] D.the difference between a developed country and a developing country[br] 2.According to the author, in coming 25years, a developed country or industry, in order t remain competitive, ought to ______.[br] A.reduce the percentage of the blue-collar work force[br] B.preserve blue – collar jobs for international competition[br] C.accelerate motor – can manufacturing in Henry Ford’s style[br] D.solve the problem of unemployment[br] 3.American politicians and labor leaders tend to dislike_____.[br] A.confusion in manufacturing economy[br] B.an increase in blue – collar work force[br] C.internal competition in manufacturing production[br] D.a drop in the blue – collar job opportunities[br] 4.The word “prescription” in “a prescription for unemployment” may be the equivalent to ______[br] A.something recommended as medical treatment[br] B.a way suggested to overcome some difficulty[br] C.some measures taken in advance[br] D.a device to dire[br] 5.This passage may have been excepted from ________[br] A.a magazine about capital investment[br] B.an article on automation[br] C.a motor-car magazine[br] D.an article on global economy
- Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton. Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see. They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals. Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land continents, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value however, plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year. The sea’s plankton generates more than twice as much.[br] Despite its enormous food potential, little effort was made until recently to farm plankton as we farm grasses on land. Now marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility, especially as the sea’s resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population.[br] No one yet has seriously suggested that “planktonburgers” may soon become popular around the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists.[br] One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimplike creature called krill. Growing to two or three inches long, krill provide the major food for the giant blue whale, the largest animal ever to inhabit the Earth. Realizing that this whale may grow 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton of krill daily.[br] Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools sometimes miles wide, mainly in the cold Antarctic. Because of their pink color, they often appear as a solid reddish mass when viewed from a ship or from the air. Krill are very high in food value. A pound of these crustaceans contains about 460 calories—about the same as shrimp or lobster, to which they are related.[br] If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales, many scientists reason, they must certainly be contenders as new food source for humans.[br] 1.Which of the following best portrays the organization of the passage?[br] A.The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of plankton as a food source.[br] B.The author quotes public opinion to support the argument for farming plankton.[br] C.The author classifies the different food sources according to amount of carbohydrate.[br] D.The author makes a general statement about plankton as a food source and then moves to a specific example.[br] 2.According to the passage, why is plankton regarded to be more valuable than land grasses?[br] A.It is easier to cultivate.[br] B.It produces more carbohydrates.[br] C.It does not require soil.[br] D.It is more palatable.[br] 3.Why does the author mention “planktonburgers”?[br] A.To describe the appearance of one type of plankton.[br] B.To illustrate how much plankton a whale consumes.[br] C.To suggest plankton as a possible food sources.[br] D.To compare the food values of beef and plankton.[br] 4.What is mentioned as one conspicuous feature of krill?[br] A.They are the smallest marine animals.[br] B.They are pink in color.[br] C.They are similar in size to lobsters.[br] D.They have grass like bodies.[br] 5.The author mentions all of the following as reasons why plankton could be considered a human food source except that it is ___.[br] A.high in food value.[br] B.in abundant supply in the oceans.[br] C.an appropriate food for other animals.[br] D.free of chemicals and pollutants.
- Which is safer-staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working in the office? Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact, the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.[br] The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947),Flixborough (1974), Seveso (1976), Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984)。[br] Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small. No one died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was Bhopal, where up to 3,000 were killed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives, just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.[br] Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate(硝酸铵),which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders were incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction os exploding storage tanks. Yet, by a miracle, the two largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire, then 3,000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.[br] 1.Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news because ____.[br] A.they are very rare[br] B.they often cause loss of life[br] C.they always occur in big cities[br] D.they arouse the interest of all the readers[br] 2.Which of the following statements is true?[br] A.Working at the office is safer than staying at home.[br] B.Traverlling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.[br] C.Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.[br] D.Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.[br] 3.According to passage, the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened at ____.[br] A.Texas city B.Flixborough C.Seveso D.Mexico City[br] 4.From the discussion among some experts we may coclude that ____.[br] A.to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industry[br] B.the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemical industry[br] C.all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measure had been taken[br] D.natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe[br] 5.From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of ____.[br] A.natural gas, which can easily catch fire[br] B.fertilizer, which can't be stored in a great quantity[br] C.poisonous substance, which can't be used in overcrowded areas[br] D.fuel, which is stored in large tanks
- More attention was paid to the quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international markets to compete with those produced in other countries. The French economy needed a larger share of international market to balance its import and export trade.[br] French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone long-ranged developments. Essential imports had stretched the national credit to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely through the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 percent of the worker's income. Wages, it is true, had risen. Extensive family allowances and benefits were paid by the state, and there was fulltime and overtime employment. Taken together, these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security. In this discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.[br] The government was unwilling to let workers leave the country. It was feared that migration of workers would reduce the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced. Qualified workers employed abroad would only increase the quantity of quality goods produced in foreign countries. Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its ualified labor force moved to other countries.[br] 1. The purpose of the passage is to_______.[br] A. explain the French government's emphasis on quality products[br] B. discuss Charles Deschanel's contribution to the French industrial development[br] C. compare the quality of French goods with that of foreign goods[br] D. show French workmen's enthusiasm to seek well-paid jobs in foreign countries[br] 2. It can be inferred from the passage that at the time of Rene Coty .[br] A. France was still at the first stage of industrial development[br] B. French workers were better paid than the workers in any other European countries[br] C. the unemployment rate in France was comparatively higher than that in other European countries[br] D. French workers were able to live better with the increase in their wages[br] 3. It is implied in the passage that at that time_______.[br] A. France had a very large share of international market[br] B. the import and export trade in France was making a successful advance[br] C. demand and supply in France was barely balanced[br] D. France was experiencing economic depression[br] 4. Which of the following is the best indicator of the extreme inflation in France?[br] A. Eighty percent increase in the prices of consumer goods. B. High cost of food.[br] C. High rents for houses. D. Lack of agricultural products.[br] 5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?[br] A. Rents in France were tightly controlled.[br] B. France was flooding the international market with inferior product s.[br] C. French workers were prohibited from going abroad to find jobs.[br] D. The migration of French workers would hinder the improvement of quality in industrial production.
- Everything____into consideration, I propose that the first prize should be given to Liu Qiang.
- I meant____ you about it, but I forgot to do so.
- While doing calculation for the project, the designers____a new solution to a geological problem.
- The mother almost____when she learned that her son was shot dead.
- The matter is not to be ____.
- They will never reconcile themselves to____.
- You’d better let me know as soon as there is a(n)____position in the branch office.
- Urban congestion would greatly be relieved if the____charged on public transport were more reasonable.
- We are convinced____ the righteousness of our cause.
- According to the acoustics, continual exposure____ noise of high intensity would lead to loss of hearing.
- The physicists propose that our attention____the use of special methods of thinking and acting.
- Animal mothers are devoted to their young and____ them with love and discipline.
- “The president made a brilliant decision, didn’t he?”[br] “Yes, he did. I don’t know what I would have done if I____to make that decision.”
- To meet the ever increasing demand____oil-refining equipment, the company will produce more of such equipment.
- In selecting a material, the engineer’s interest is in its properties,which determine how it will perform under the loads and condition____it is subject.
- 翻译训练:地域特色文明[br] 文明是多彩的,人类文明因多样才有交流互鉴的价值。文明是平等的,人类文明因平等才有交流互鉴的前提。文明是包容的,人类文明因包容才有交流互鉴的动力。[br] 当今世界,人类生活在不同文化、种族、肤色、宗教和不同社会制度所组成的世界里,各国人民形成了你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。应该推动不同文明相互尊重、和谐共处,让文明交流互鉴成为增进各国人民友谊的桥梁、推动人类社会进步的动力、维护世界和平的纽带。应该从不同文明中寻求智慧、汲取营养,为人们提供精神支撑和心灵慰藉,携手解决人类共同面临的各种挑战。
- 翻译训练:普通话与方言[br] 中国土地广阔,人口众多。尽管全国都讲汉语,但是不同地区的人说汉语的方式不同,这被称为方言。方言一般被称为地方话,是汉语在不同地区的分支,只在特定地区使用。汉语方言非常复杂。它们有以下三方面不同:发音、词汇和语法。发音的区别最为显著。2000多年前,中国人发现社交时应该使用统一的语言。和方言相比,普通话(mandarin)能被所有人理解。普通话有利于不同种族、地区人民之间的信息传递和文化交流。
- 翻译训练:大学生创业[br] 近年来大学生创业(entrepreneurship)问题越来越受到社会的关注,因为受过多年教育的大学生属于高级知识分子,他们背负着社会的种种期望。在社会经济繁荣发展的同时,大学生创业也成为新气象。现代大学生有创新精神,有对传统观念和传统行业挑战的信心和欲望,而这种创新精神也成为大学生创业的动力源泉,成为成功创业的信心基础。大学生怀揣创业梦想,努力打拼,实现自己的理想,证明自己的价值。
- 翻译训练:[br] 酒和饮酒文化在中国的历史中占据着重要地位。从宋代开始,白酒(white liquor)成为中国人饮用的主要酒类。中国白酒制作工艺复杂,原料丰富多样,是世界著名的六大蒸馏酒(distilled liquor)之一。中国有很多优秀的白酒品牌,受到不同人群的喜爱。在当代社会,饮酒文化得到了前所未有的丰富和发展。不同地区和场合的饮酒习俗和礼仪已成为中国人日常生活中重要的部分。在几千年的文明史中,酒几乎渗透到社会生活中的各个领域,如文学创作、饮食保健等。
- 翻译训练:[br] 筷子(chopsticks) 是中国传统的独具特色的进食工具 (diningutensils) ,至今已有数千年的历史。筷子在古代被称为“箸”,大约从明朝开始才有了 “筷子”的称呼。筷子多为竹子制成,也有用木头、象牙(ivory)、金属或其他材料制作而成。它要么上方下圆,要么上下全圆而上粗下细。不管其形状如何,筷子必须是成对使用的,并且两只筷子的大小长短要相同。筷子是中国人日常生活的必备工具,它的发明充分反映了中国人民的智慧。
- 翻译训练:[br] 要了解中国文化,就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。中国地方戏种类很多,其中京剧是一个具有代表 性的剧种。作为一个独立的剧种,京剧的诞生大约是在1840年至I860年。京剧是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础 上形成的。京剧有明确的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音乐上以胡琴为主要伴奏乐器。由于京剧是在融 合各种地方戏之精华的基础上形成的,所以它不仅为北京的观众所钟爱,也受到全国人民的喜爱。
- 翻译:[br] Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. (Passage Four)
- 翻译:[br] As the source of aluminum is almost inexhaustible, we can expect that more and more uses will be found for this versatile metal. (Passage Two)
- 翻译:[br] By making vehicles lighter in weight aluminum has greatly reduced the amount of fuel needed to move them, (Passage Two)
- 翻译:[br] The captain realized that the men tried to deceive him so he made them work very hard for the rest of the voyage. (Passage One)
- Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don’t always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except “ I’m letting off some steam. I don’t really want you to pay close attention to what I’m saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling.” Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to be fixed before I’ll buy.” The owner says, “ It’s been like that for years.” Actually, the step hasn’t been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: “ I don’t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can’t you?” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.[br] When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend’s unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says “No!” to a serials of charges like “You’re dumb,” “You’re lazy,” and “You’re dishonest,” may also say “No!” and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is “And you’re good looking.”[br] We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “If sure has been nice to have you over,” can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.[br] 1.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if ___.[br] A.they use proper words to carry their ideas.[br] B.they both speak truly of their own feelings.[br] C.they try to understand each other’s ideas beyond words.[br] D.they are capable of associating meaning with their words.[br] 2.“I’m letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means___.[br] A.I’m just calling your attention.[br] B.I’m just kidding.[br] C.I’m just saying the opposite.[br] D.I’m just giving off some sound.[br] 3.The house-owner’s example shows that he actually means___.[br] A.the step has been like that for years.[br] B.he doesn’t think it necessary to fix the step.[br] C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault.[br] D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.[br] 4.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if___.[br] A.linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.[br] B.seen as one’s habitual pattern of behavior.[br] C.taken as part of an ordering sequence.[br] D.expressed to a series of charges.[br] 5.The word “ritualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done___.[br] A.without true intention.[br] B.light-heartedly.[br] C.in a way of ceremony.[br] D.with less emphasis.